Free biology 2e textbook available for download openstax. An online biology book estrella mountain community college. Ranga rao international crops research institute for the semiarid tropics, patancheru, andhra pradesh 502 324, india. Zligustilide exerted hormetic effect on growth and. The tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura, is an important pest of crop and vegetable plants worldwide, and its resistance to insecticides have quickly developed. Recent developments in transcriptomic approaches enable the molecular basis of olfaction to be studied even in species with limited genomic information. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific islands, guam, american. The synthetic precursor, coumaranones, showed that the introduction of methoxyl and methyl groups to the benzene. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco budworm, rice cutworm, and cotton cutworm. Comparative biology of spodoptera litura on vegetable and grain soybean glycine max l.
Nandita thakur, bs gotyal, k selvaraj and s satpathy. Biological characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus of spodoptera litura lepidoptera. Noctuidae, though, commonly known as tobacco cutworm, is not restricted to tobacco alone, but, feeds on more than 120 host plants belonging to 44 familiesqin et al. Science and technology, general bacillus thuringiensis research usage microbial insecticides moths control natural history. Noctuidae isolated from the philippines author links open overlay panel barbara a lavina a b leodegario e padua b fu quan wu a noriko shirata a motoko ikeda a michihiro kobayashi a 1. The spodoptera litura genome elucidates its polyphagy. Promod kumar shakya, masarrat haseeb and uzma manzoor department of plant protection, faculty of agricultural sciences, aligarh muslim university, aligarh, uttar pradesh, india email. Noctuidae is a generalist herbivore and an important pest in many agricultural cropping systems. Discover the best molecular biology in best sellers. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the uk where it is an immigrant and not known to breed as the small mottled willow.
Noctuidae is a polyphagous pest affecting various economically important crops. This background developed a basis for selection of this issue isolation and characterization of male derived factors modifying the physiology of oviposition in lepidopteran pest spodoptera litura. Yoshiaki noma, yoshinori asakawa, in comprehensive natural products ii, 2010. Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. Previous species spodoptera littoralis next species spodoptera pectinicornis semiochemicals of spodoptera litura, the tobacco cutworm. Biology and nutrition of spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera. The capsid structure is poorly known but examination of spodoptera litura granulosis virus slgv capsids by optical diffraction has shown that the outer shell is formed as a stacked ring of subunits with a 12 start helix repeating every third ring burley et al. The beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most wellknown agricultural pest insects. Larval and postlarval development of spodoptera litura. A group of asian researchers first proposed a genome project for the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura lepidoptera, noctuidae, in 20, drawn to this species as. Noctuidae was evaluated at c, % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 h light8 h dark. It is a serious pest of various economically important crops such as cotton, tomato, groundnut, chilli, tobacco, caster, okra and pulses etc. As seen in sesquiterpenoids, these organisms introduce oxygen atom at their allylic. Its biology, impact and control on maize production in nigeria article pdf available july 2018 with 3,414 reads how we measure reads.
Two windows, one triangular 1a and one rectangular 1b. Pathogenicity and characteristics of spodoptera litura. Biology and efficacy of insecticides against tobacco. Noctuidae is a regular polyphagous and damaging insect and distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas around the world 21, 22. The result shows that the virus was pathogenic and specific to its host, s. Spodoptera litura is a critical polyphagous pest in most of the countries patil et al. Cotton cutworm, spodoptera litura pest tracker caps services. Biology of spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. Biology of spodoptera eridania and spodoptera cosmioides.
Sep 19, 2017 spodoptera litura fabricius is a major vegetable pest that is widely distributed throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Spodoptera is a cosmopolitan genus with species distributed across all continents. Maize farmers in subsaharan africa recently experienced unusual damage in their farms, attributed to the fall armyworm faw spodoptera frugiperda j. The most important character to notice is a set of two windows separated by a right angle. He feeds with more than one hundred different plant species, including rice, corn, cotton, many vegetables, sweet potatoes. Genomic divergences between the two polyphagous spodoptera. Effect of different temperature regime on biology and food. The scope of biology 2 the science of biology 3 the process of science. Effect on biology of jute indigo caterpillar, spodoptera litura fabricius under five different constant temperatures. Spodoptera litura prodlioverview eppo global database. Effects of three spodoptera litura control strategies on arthropod diversity and abundance in tobacco agroecosystems in south china zhongshi zhou, 1, 2, zepeng chen 3 and zaifu xu 1, 1department of entomology, college of nature resources and environment, south china agricultural university, guangzhou, 510642, china. A group of asian researchers first proposed a genome project for the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura lepidoptera, noctuidae, in 20, drawn to this species as a massively destructive agricultural pest across asia. International commerce provides recognized avenues of introduction.
A new continuous cell line from larval hemocytes of. The moths spodoptera eridania stoll and spodoptera cosmioides walker are pests of increasing importance in various grain production systems, causing defoliation and damage to reproductive structures of plants. Microplitis prodeniae rao and chandry is a solitary endoparasitoid of s. Spodoptera litura cotton cutworm spodoptera litura is an insect pest of many important food plants. A 2,856bp gene, encoding a 108kda apn, has been isolated from s. The larvae feed on a wide range of plants and have been recorded from over 40 mostly dicotyledonous plant families. Effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization of the cutworm, spodoptera litura ming xue, 1, a yunhong pang, 1 hongtao wang, 1 qingliang li, 1 and tongxian liu 2, 3, b 1 college of plant protection, shandong agricultural university, taian, shandong 271018, china. Mortality responses of spodoptera litura following feeding on bt sprayed plants. In hawaii overlapping generations occur at lower elevations. On onions, eggs are deposited in clusters from as few as 20 to over 100 eggs. Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest in india, china and japan.
Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on the biology of. The results revealed that the duration of incubation, larval, prepupa, pupal, adult male and adult female longevities were recorded with an average of 3. Spodoptera litura can be identified by the shape of the structures on the inner surface of the valve. Noctuidae on some of its major weed hosts article pdf available january 2007 with 2,664 reads how we measure reads. Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a. Noctuidae, is one of the most common and widespread insect pests in asian countries ahmad et al. Spodoptera litura below are some characters that are useful to distinguish spodoptera litura from other spodoptera species. Media in category spodoptera litura the following 31 files are in this category, out of 31 total. Details biotic potential and reproductive parameters of. Transcriptome and expression profiling analysis link patterns. Basic growth parameters like larval period, length, width, consumption index c.
Spodoptera litura prodliphotos eppo global database. Effects of three spodoptera litura control strategies on. Effects of four host plants, tobacco, chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato, on larval and pupal development and survival, and longevity and fecundity of adults of spodoptera litura f lepidoptera. Compiled from messages to the ap biology electronic discussion group, this is a collection of biological books for pleasure reading, for background. The present studies were undertaken at department of entomology, college of agriculture, dapoli m. Some common species include spodoptera eridania america, spodoptera exigua southeast asia, and america, spodoptera frugiperda america, spodoptera littoralis mediterranean europe, and africa, and spodoptera litura. It is a serious polyphagous pest in asia and oceania, from the borders of north africa to japan and new zealand armes et. Effect of three spodoptera litura control strategies, viz. Present status on bioecology and management of tobacco. Semiochemicals of spodoptera litura, the tobacco cutworm.
Analyses on the spreading of spltmnpv spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus multiplied in midgut s. Previous species spodoptera littoralis next species spodoptera pectinicornis. A philippine spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus sltmnpv was isolated by plaque purification from an uncloned npv population in a formulated product that exhibits high insecticidal activity. To explore the mechanisms that drive pigmentation, we used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats crisprcrispr.
A series of aurones were prepared from various phenols via phenoxy acetic acids and coumaranones and evaluated for insect antifeedant activity against the common cutworm spodoptera litura. Mishra2 1college of biotechnology, allahabad agricultural institute, deemed university, allahabad u. The spodoptera litura genome elucidates its polyphagy, high. Discover the agricultural and biological sciences books elsevier. Spodoptera litura fabricius is a major vegetable pest that is widely distributed throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. It is a native of asia and was first detected in hawaii. The duration of egg, larvae, and pupa lasted for an average of 5. This book contains a series of authoritative chapters written by top names in.
No mating took place on the night of emergence and maximum mating response occurred during the second night after emergence. All photos included on this page can only be used for educational purposes. Developmental and reproductive biology of spodoptera. Kevin kavanagh, in reference module in life sciences, 2017 3 spodoptera exigua s. Spodoptera picta caterpillars and the biology of australian. A study on the characteristics ofthe spodoptera litura nucleopolyhredovirus spltnpv was carned out. Guangdong provincial key laboratory of insect developmental biology and applied technology, guangzhou key laboratory of insect development regulation and application research, institute of insect science and technology, school of life sciences, south china normal university, guangzhou, china. Lethal doses of chlorfluazuron, when applied topically to 5th instars or pupae of s.
Egg mass eggs are dome shaped dirty white to gray in color. Study biology online free by downloading openstaxs concepts of biology book and using our accompanying online resources including a biology study guide. This pest was first recorded in africa in 2016, but detailed information on its distribution and damage and farmers response in invaded areas are largely lacking. Fecundity varies from 2000 to 2600 eggs, and oviposition days vary from 6 to 8 days. Efficacy of spodoptera litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. The author of this gorgeous book, a scientist herself, argues that scientists have long overlooked the most convincing demonstrations of evolution.
Here we use transcriptome and expression profiling analysis to. Redirected from tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family noctuidae. Fall army worm its biology, impact and control on maize production 80 all jn, stan cil jd, johnson tb, gouger r. Spodoptera exigua wikibooks, open books for an open world. The tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura fabricius, is an important polyphagous insect pest that causes widespread economic damage to vegetables and other crops, such as soybean, tomato, sweet. To assess the potential use of this parasitoid as a biological control agent, the reproductive schedule, fecundity and functional response of m. Spodoptera exigua an overview sciencedirect topics. The book examines the wide variety of statistical approaches that can be used for data analysis, emphasizing concepts such as significance and reproducibility. The spodoptera litura is a butterfly that is a threat to many crops. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family noctuidae. Sublethal doses of it, when applied to fifthinstars or pupae, caused significant reduction in reproduction and effects on viability.
Little is known about its seasonal patterns at higher elevations. Effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization. The following 96 pages are in this category, out of 96 total. Biology, morphometrics and geometrical progression of spodoptera litura was studied by rearing s. This list may not reflect recent changes learn more. Out of the economically important crops the cotton, groundnut, chilli, tobacco, castor, bendy and pulses were found to effect badly which causes 26100% yield loss by spodoptera litura azelmat et al. Effect on biology of jute indigo caterpillar, spodoptera. The forewings need to be examined carefully because of their color variation and similarity to other nonindigenous as well as native species. Spodoptera litura an overview sciencedirect topics. Synthesis and insect antifeedant activity of aurones. Evaluation of indigenous products with insecticide against.
Evaluation of indigenous products with insecticide against tobacco caterpillar spodoptera litura infesting cabbage kamin alexander2, o. This article reports the growth and development ofs. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to. Materials and methods egg masses of spodoptera litura were collected from groundnut field at sivapuri near cuddalore district of tamil nadu. Eggs are laid in clusters that may be several layers deep. For final identification it is necessary that the genitalia are dissected. About 2 larvae of hosts were provided to each predator nymph and adult on a daily basis. Effect of five soybean cultivars sahar, jk, bp, williams, and l17 on life table parameters of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific. The tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura fabricius was reared on different host plants under laboratory conditions. Pdf biological characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus. Free concepts of biology book available for download openstax.
Spodoptera littoralis, also referred to as the african cotton leafworm or egyptian cotton leafworm or mediterranean brocade, is a species of moth in the family noctuidae. Biotransformation of acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids by various bacteria, fungi, insect larvae, such as spodoptera litura, and mammals, such as rabbits and possums, and human and rat cytochrome enzyme is summarized. Comparative biology of spodoptera litura on vegetable and. This fact underscores the need for studies that analyze the nutrition and development of pests on different hosts.
Pdf biology of spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. Spodoptera litura underwent the holometabolous type of development and the studies on biology of s. Biology studies of tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura. Linking life table and predation rate for biological control. The lepidopteran moth spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. The naturally occurring aurone was most active at an ed50 of 0. The capsid is capped at both ends by a regular arrangement of protein subunits that appear different from the cylinder subunits. Hence, spodoptera litura is an appropriate choice to explore and unravel the mechanism underlying the legislation of duplication. Chs has been characterized in various insect species, but the structure and biochemical properties in spodoptera litura have not been determined. The study of olfaction is key to understanding the interaction of insects with their environment and provides opportunities to develop novel tactics for control of pest species. The experiment was conducted at laboratory of plant health clinic, directorate of research, bidhan chandra krishi vishwavidyala bckv.
Biology and food consumption of spodoptera litura fabricius on different host plants. The study was mainly focused on observing morphology of different stages i. The following key is designed to help separate middle to late instar s. Insects free fulltext identification and functional. In this study, we identified two chs genes, slchs1 and slchs2, which encode proteins with 1565 and 1520 amino. A systemic study of indoxacarb resistance in spodoptera. Egg masses 47 mm diameter, laid at night in clusters of 200 to 300, are covered with the brown scales of the adult. Molecular dynamics and protein interaction studies of.
Multiple effects regarding the use of a number of weeds, such as ipomoea sp. Santhoshakumara aicrp on soybean, zars, gkvk, university of agricultural sciences, bangalore 560 065, karnataka, india corresponding author a b s t r a c t was the studies on the comparative biology of. Our wide variety of books and ebooks has been empowering research development, initiating innovation, and encouraging confidence and career growth in the. It caused 96% larval mortality within a period of10 days at a dosage of6 x 1js pibslarva and did not affect lepidopteran larvae, spirama.
In this study, we determined faw distribution, genetic diversity. Find the top 100 most popular items in amazon books best sellers. Mortality responses of spodoptera litura following feeding. Twelve of the best books about biology of 2018 forbes. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a copy to eppo.
Late instar and metamorphosis of spodoptera pictacks02. Chitin is one the main components of the insect cuticle, and chitin synthase chs is an important enzyme required for chitin formation. Study biology online for free by downloading openstaxs college biology 2e book and using our accompanying online resources including a. For the control treatment, larvae were dipped into a 0. Discover the best childrens biology books in best sellers. Biological characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus of. Sep 15, 2015 the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura f. It is a highly polyphagous organism that is a pest of many cultivated plants and crops. Potential of trap crops for integrated management of the. Genus spodoptera 1spodg species spodoptera litura prodli contact eppo. The tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura, is among the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests, feeding on over 100 crops throughout tropical and. The tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura fabricius is one of the economically important and regular polyphagous pests on the field and horticultural crops and distributed in indoaustralian tropics.